第一范文站教案 英语教案 初三英语教案

[初三上]中学生英语学习常见错误--动词(人教版)

文章来源:作者:不详时间:2008-08-08
  [误]Shelaiddownandsoonfellasleep.
  [正]Shelaydownandsoonfellasleep.
  [析]考试中常出现的是易混动词lay放,lie躺,lie说谎。它们的过去时、过去分词和现在分词变化如下:
  lay(放)laid,laid,laying(及物动词)
  lie(躺)lay,lain,lying(不及物动词)
  lie(说谎)lied,lied,lying
  [误]Pleaseriseyourhand.
  [正]Pleaseraiseyourhand.
  [析]rise是不及物动词,其后不能接宾语,如:Thesunrisesintheeast.而raise是及物动词。
  [误]Iliketoswimverymuch,butIdon’tlikeswimmingthisafternoon.
  [正]Ilikeswimmingverymuch,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.
  [析]like作为"喜欢"讲时,可以接动名词也可以接不定式,但接动名词时多表达一种习惯性动作。而接不定式则侧重于表达一次性、特殊性的动作。但要注意的是like与would连用时则一定要接不定式,如:Wouldyouliketogowithme?再有一点要注意的是,like作为介词"像"讲时,只能用分词作其宾语。
  [误]Stop!Didyoulistentoastrangevoice?
  [正]Stop!Didyouhearastrangevoice?
  [析]hear的侧重点是听到、听见什么,而listento的侧重点为听的倾向,如:listen!Doyouhearsomeonecallinghelp?这样的词还有look与see。它们的侧重点也不同,look重于"看"的倾向,而see重于看见没看见。
  [误]Didyouwatchsomefilmrecently?
  [正]Didyouseesomefilmrecently?
  [析]英语中see与watch各有不同的用处,see用于看电影、剧目,而watch用作看电视和看球赛。
  [误]Look.Abeautifullamphangedfromtheceiling.
  [正]Look.Abeautifullamphungfromtheceiling.
  [析]hang有两个含义,①"挂",它的过去时与过去分词是hung,hung;②"绞刑",这时它是规则动词,其过去式与过去分词则为hanged,hanged。
  [误]HowlongcanIborrowthisbook?
  [正]HowlongcanIkeepthisbook?
  [析]"借"在英文中有三个词,①借入,即borrow,如:MayIborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary?②借出,如:Icanlendmybiketoyou.③借多久要用keep,因为borrow与lend都是截止性动词,而keep是延续性动词。如HowlongcanIkeepit?
  [误]Wehavewonyourclass.
  [正]Wehavebeatenyourclass.
  [析]win是及物动词,其后面的宾语应是比赛、战争、奖品、奖金。而beat的宾语,应是人、队、班级等等,如:Wewonthegame.
  [误]Ileftmykey.
  [正]Iforgotmykey.
  [正]Ileftmykeyathome.
  [析]leave是"丢下",其后一定要接地点状语,而forget其后不要接地点状语。
  [误]Oh!It’srainingoutside.Pleasebringtheraincoatwithyou.
  [正]Oh!It’srainingoutside.Pleasetakethisraincoatwithyou.
  [析]bring为"带来"如:Nexttimebringyourlittlesisterhere.而take为"带走",fetch为"去某处取什么回来",如:Pleasefetchsomecoffeeforus要熟记的是在初中课文中与take有关的词组,如:takeaway拿走takeback收回takedown取下takeoff脱下take…out拿出takeplace发生takeholdof拿住takepartin参加takeaseat坐下takeone’splace替代takealook看看takeone’sturn轮流takeamessage捎信takecareof照看takeiteasy别着急takeone’stime慢慢来takeone’stemperature测量体温
  [误]Thepolicemanreachedhisgun.
  [正]Thepolicemanreachedforhisgun.
  [析]reach作"到达"讲时是及物动词,如:Ireachedthehotelat8∶30但作"伸手去拿",则要用reachforsomething。作为"到达"讲时还有arrive(in+大地方)(at+较小的地方)和getto.要注意的是与get有关的词组有:getback回来getin收割getinto进入getoff下车geton上车getout出去getup起床getto到达getreadyfor=bereadyforgetonwellwith与人相处融洽get加比较级为变得如何,例如:getcolderandcolder.
  [误]Thisdictionaryspentmefivedollars.
  [正]Thisdictionarycostmefivedollars.
  [析]英文中的"花费"有4个spend,cost,take和pay,其中spend与pay所在句中的主语应为人,如:Ispenttwohoursindoingmyhomework.Ipaidfivedallarsforthebook.而cost与take的主语则是事物,如:Ittakesmetwoyearstofinishthisbook.
  [误]InsummerIalwayssleepwiththewindowsopened.
  [正]InsummerIalwayssleepwiththewindowsopen.
  [正]Ialwayssleepwiththewindowsclosed.
  [析]要注意open是动词也是形容词,而close则要用其过去分词作形容词。
  [误]Pleasewaitaminute.I’mhavingonmyclothes.
  [正]Pleasewaitaminute.I’mputtingonmyclothes.
  [析]英语中的穿衣服要分状态,是什么样的穿着打扮,还是穿衣服的动作两类动词。表示穿着状态的词有haveon,wear,在用法上haveon不宜用进行时态,它多用一般时态,如:Shehasonanewschooldress.而wear则多用进行时来表示状态,如:Sheiswearinganewsweater.在表示动作的词中puton是常用的一词。dress用作动词当"穿衣"讲时其后宾语不应接衣物,而要接人,如:Mychildrenwereveryyoungtheycouldn’tdressthemselves.在表示穿着状态时用其过去分词当形容词,如:Heisdressedinwhite.
  [误]Mycomputercan’tbegin.Couldyoufindsomeonetohelpme?
  [正]Mycomputercan’tstart.Couldyoufindsomeonetohelpme?
  [析]begin与start均可指"开始",而且常常可以互换,如:Schoolbegins(starts)at8a.m.但是在两种情况下不宜用begin而要用start,①当作机器开动、发动讲,如:Mycarcan’tstart.Theremustbesomethingwrongwithit.②作为"旅途开始"讲,如:Weshouldhavetostartearly.Therewasalotoftrafficontheroad.
  [误]I’mverygladbecauseIhavefoundedmylostkey.
  [正]I’mverygladbecauseIhavefoundmylostkey.
  [析]find是不规则动词,它的过去式和过去分词是found,found,而found又是另外一词"建立",它是规则动词,其过去式与过去分词是foundedfounded,如:ThePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949.
  [误]Please.Let’sspeakinEnglish.
  [正]Please.Let’sspeakEnglish.
  [正]Please.Let’stalkinEnglish.
  [误]CanyouspeakitEnglish?
  [正]CanyousayitinEnglish?
  [析]英文中"说"有4个常用词say,tell,speak,talk.其中不及物动词有speak和talk,如:Iwanttotalkwithyou.Wearetalkingaboutthenewfilm.而speak其后接语言时是及物动词,其他情况是不及物动词。say与tell是及物动词,其中tell常用双宾语,如:Tellusastory.但用于讲实话或谎话时也用单宾语。如:Tellthetruth.
  [误]CanyousayJapanesefromChinese?
  [正]CanyoutellJapanesefromChinese?
  [析]tell…from为固定词组,即分辨两者的不同。
  [误]Excuseme,didIsteponyourfoot?
  [正]Oh,sorry,didIsteponyourfoot?
  [析]excuseme用于未打扰对方前,以提醒对方注意的用语,而sorry则是由于自己已做的事向对方道歉。
  [误]Wouldyoucarefortoswimwithus?
  [正]Wouldyoucaretoswimwithus?
  [析]carefor后接不定式时,要省略for,或换用名词,如:Wouldyoucareforacupoftea.carefor作"照顾"讲时与lookafter相同。在初中阶段学习与for有关的词组有:
  askfor请求callfor接人,请人carefor关心
  goinfor从事answerfor负责lookfor寻找
  waitfor等待sendfor请人payfor付款
  searchfor寻找leavefor去某地preparefor准备
  thanksomebodyforsomething为某事向某人道谢。
  [误]Areyouunderstandingit?Yes,Igottoit.
  [正]Doyouunderstandit?Yes,Igotit.
  [析]understand这一词没有进行时态,如同感观动词love、hate…Igotit是美语,即Iunderstoodit。要记住get作为"到达"讲时是不及物动词,如:I’llgettotheschoolat8a.m.初中范围常用与to有关的动词词组如下:belongto属于cometo苏醒pointto(at)指着getto到达referto谈到stickto坚持leadto导致turnto翻到lookforwardto期望agreeto同意
  [误]Themeathasgonebadly.
  [正]Themeathasgonebad.
  [析]英语中go,get,become,turn作为转变时,其后接形容词,这时这些动词应被看作系动词。
  [误]Theteachersaidtheearthmovedaroundthesun.
  [正]Theteachersaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.
  [析]如果主句的谓语动词是现在时,其宾语从句可以是任何时态。如果是过去时,则宾语从句中的时态应与之呼应。但地球围绕太阳转是不随时间而变化的客观事实,所以还应用一般现在时态来表达。
  [误]I’llcometoseeyouassoonasI’llbeback.
  [正]I’llcometoseeyouassoonasIamback.
  [析]在状语从句中要用一般时来表示将来,如:Ishouldtellhimwhenhecameback.
  [误]Iwanttoknowwhetheryoucometomypartytomorrowornot.
  [正]Iwanttoknowwhetheryouwillcometomypartytomorrowornot.
  [析]在宾语从句中则要用将来时表示将来的动作。要注意的是如果宾语从句中仍有状语从句时,依然要用一般现在时表示将来,如:Iwanttoknowifitrainstomorrowyou’llcomehereornot.
  [误]Whatdidyoudoateightlastnight?
  [正]Whatwereyoudoingateightlastnight?
  [析]在描述过去某一具体时刻的动作或从某时到某时一段时间内正在进行的动作要用过去进行时,如:IwaswashingclothesfromeighttillnoonlastSunday
  [误]Myclassmatescametoseeafilmyesterday.Ididn’tgowiththem,becauseIhaveseenitbefore.
  [正]Myclassmatescametoseeafilmyesterday.Ididn’tgowiththembecauseIhadseenitbefore.
  [析]现在完成时与过去完成时的相同之处是其动作均开始于过去的某一点,它的差别在于该动作是截止到什么时候。如动作截止到现在用现在完成时;如动作截止到过去,用过去完成时。例如:I’velearntEnglishforthreeyears.(到现在为止)又如:BeforeIwenttocollege,IhadlearntEnglishforthreeyears.(动作截止到上大学那时,即截止于过去)
  [误]I’mfeelingwellnow.
  [正]Ifeelwellnow.
  [析]瞬间动词有些无进行时态,它们是:表示思维状态的词:believe,feel,forget,imagine,know,mean,need,prefer,remember,understand,want表示感情的动词:care,like,dolike,love,mind,hate,fear表示状态的词:belong,own感观动词:feel,hear,see,smell,taste
  [误]Whenhaveyoudonethiswork?
  [正]Whendidyoudothiswork?
  [析]when提问的是一个时间点不可用于完成时态的问句中。
  [误]ThisisournewEnglishteacher.Hehasgonetomanyforeigncountries.
  [正]ThisisournewEnglishteacher.Hehasbeentomanyforeigncountries.
  [析]havegoneto是到某地去了,此人现在不在这里。havebeento是到过某地,现在此人在说话现场。
  [误]Ihaveborrowedthisbookfortwoweeks.
  [正]Ihavekeptthisbookfortwoweeks.
  [析]截止性动词有完成时态,但不可和与表达一段时间的时间状语连用。如:WhenIgottothecinemathefilmhadbegun.但要讲WhenIgottothecinemathefilmhadbeonforfiveminutes这样的用法还有buy,join,die,如:Iboughtthisbookyesterday.我昨天买的这本书。Ihavehadthisbookfortwodays.这本书我已买了两天了。
  Ijoinedtheclubtwoyearsago.两年前我加入了这个俱乐部。
  Ihavebeeninthisclubfortwoyears.我加入这个俱乐部已两年了。
  Myfatherdiedfiveyearsago.我父亲是5年前去世的。
  Myfatherhasbeendeadforfiveyears.我父亲已去世5年了。
  [误]Haveyouunderstoodthelessons?
  [正]Doyouunderstandthelessons?
  [析]有些动词不易用完成时态,它们是understand,think,believe,know(知道)
  [误]ItwassaidthattheSecondWorldWarhadbrokenoutin1939.
  [误]ItwassaidthattheSecondWorldWarwasbrokenoutin1939.
  [正]ItwassaidthattheSecondWorldWarbrokeoutin1939.
  [析]在讲述过去的历史事件时,总要用过去时而不要用完成时,而且happen,breakout,takeplace作为发生讲时均没有被动语态。
  [误]WhenIwalkedalongthestreet.Ihappenedtomeetanoldfriend.
  [正]WhenIwaswalkingalongthestreetIhappenedtomeetanoldfriend.
  [析]在一个长动作发生或进行的过程中,某一突然事件发生,这时长动作应用进行时(现在进行时或过去进行时),而突发性动作用一般时(一般现在时或一般过去时),如:Whenmyfatherisreadinganewspaperthetelephonerings.
  [误]Pleasebuyabooktome.
  [正]Pleasebuymeabook.
  [正]Pleasebuyabookforme.
  [析]在接双宾语的动词后面的两个宾语,一个是直接宾语,一个是间接宾语,如:Buymeabook中me是间接宾语,而abook是直接宾语。如果将直接宾语前置,其后应加for,其它加to如:Tellmeastory.Tellastorytome.Givemeabook.Giveabooktome.
  [误]Hewasseencomeintothebookstore.
  [正]Hewasseentocomeintothebookstore.
  [析]在主动语态中,有时可以加不带to的不定式作宾语,如:Isawhimcomeintothebookstore.但如果变为被动语态时,则要将省略的to还原。当然这些动词还可以加动名词作宾语,如:Isawhimcomingintothebookstore,如变为被动语态时,则没有变化。如:Hewasseencomingintothebookstore.